Introducation of Blood Pressuer

Blood Pressure is the pressure that blood exerts on the wall of the blood vessels. The pressure originates in the contraction of the heart, which forces blood out of the heart and into the blood vessels. The concept is more mechanical than biochemical.

There are two mechanisms that take place in the heart, diastole and systole. Diastole is the relaxation of the chambers of the heart whereas systole is the contraction of the heart chambers. Therefore, the systolic pressure will show the pressure that your heart when blood is forced out of the heart, while diastolic pressure is the pressure exerted when the heart is relaxed. This is the main mechanism by which blood pressure operates.

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital signs. When used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the arterial pressure of the systemic circulation. During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure. The blood pressure in the circulation is principally due to the pumping action of the heart. A normal blood pressure should be around 120/80 to be accounted for at a safe level , with 120 being measured through systole, and 80 through diastole.

Blood pressure are responsible for blood from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries, capillaries and veins due to viscous losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles.

Symptoms of high blood pressure

Most people with high blood pressure will not experience any symptoms until levels reach about 180/110 mmHg.

• High blood pressure symptoms :.
• Nausea - a sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit.
•  Vomiting - less common than just nausea.
• Dizziness - Lightheadedness, unsteadiness
• Epistaxis - nosebleeds.
•  Palpitations - disagreeable sensations of irregular and/or forceful beating of the heart.

Blood pressure signs and symptoms:

•  Headache.
•  Blurred vision.
• Nose bleeding
•  Failure to thrive.
• Seizure.
• Irritability.
• Lethargy.

Water polution

The conamination of water with suluble sewage and industrial waster is called water polution

Effect of Water polution

· Objectionable Odors

· Increased Turbidity

· Destruction of Aesthetic Value

· Heating

· Deoxygenation

· Retarded photosynthesis

· Disease Transmission

· Poisoning

Meaning of solid polution

solid polution refers to any physical or chemical alternation of soid, rendering it incapable of beneficial use,without treatment.

Sources of solid polution

Physicl sources

BIological sources

Urban and industrial Sources

Agro- chemical Sources

Skin Care information

The skin is continually repairing and renewing itself. When you are young, the main skin complaints are greasy skin and acne. But as you grow older, the skin gets dry and the challenge is to counteract the dryness of the skin. However, you can have beautiful skin no matter what your age, race or color. The secret is to understand how your skin functions, and to take care of it properly.


The skin has several important functions.

It provides a protective barrier, defending the body from all outside environmental influences, including extremes in temperature and exposure to disease organisms such as harmful bacteria and infections, wind and ultraviolet rays from sunshine.


It acts as a thermostat, retaining heat or cooling you down with sweat.


It acts as a waste disposal. Certain waste is expelled from your body 24 hours a day through your skin in the form of excess water, toxins and carbon dioxide.

It is important in body processes such as respiration, and metabolism.

It provides you with a sense of touch to help you communicate with the outside world.

It responds to sudden changes in emotions.

The skin is the body's main organ of sexual attraction.

Importance of Reproductive Health

Defection of reproductive health
The purpose of this monograph is to provide front-line clinicians with practical guidance on environmental reproductive health issues, based on the best available evidence. Because of ethical concerns about human studies with toxicants, the best available evidence in many cases is derived from animal data. In addition, because of the multi factorial nature of many adverse health effects, it is often impossible to establish direct cause-and-effect relationships with certainty. In many instances, this means that one cannot definitively determine that a particular substance will result in a particular reproductive health effect. However, often there is sufficient evidence from animal and population-based studies to warrant the recommendation that patients reduce their exposure to specific toxicants.

components

reproductive and sexual health education is an educational experience which aimed at developing capacity of the adolescent to understand their sexually in the context of biological . psychological,socio-cultural and reproductive dimensions and to acquire skills in reproductive dimesiron and to acquire skill in maxing responsible decision and action with regard to their life plans as well as sexual and reproductive health behaviour particularly protecting themselves from unwanted pregnancies,STD s,risky sex sexual aduse unsave abortion, as well as development of respect the human body.


Importance of reproductive health 


· To provide the need of promotion of mother health

· To improve the health status of child mother

· Planning for future 

· To Mack responcivale parenthood

· To improve healthy sexual behaviour

Leprosy

Leprosy is an infectious disease that causes severe, disfiguring skin sores and nerve damage  in the arms and legs. The disease has been around since ancient times, often surrounded by terrifying, negative stigmas and tales of leprosy patients being shunned as outcasts. Outbreaks of leprosy have affected, and panicked, people on every continent. The oldest civilizations of China, Egypt, and India feared leprosy was an incurable, mutilating, and contagious disease.

However, leprosy is actually not that contagious. 

Causes Leprosy

Leprosy is caused by a slow-growing type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). Leprosy is also known as Hansen's disease, after the scientist who discovered M. leprae in 1873.

Symptoms of Leprosy

Leprosy primarily affects the skin and the nerves outside the brean and spinal cord, called the peripheral nerves. It may also strike the eyes and the thin tissue lining the inside of the nose.

The main symptom of leprosy is disfiguring skin sores, lumps, or bumps that do not go away after several weeks or months. The skin sores are pale-colored

Nerve damage can lead to:

Loss of feeling in the arms and legs

Muscle weakness

Vitamin A

Vitamin A is the name of a group of fat-soluble retinoids, including retinol, retinal, and retinyl esters . Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication. Vitamin A is critical for vision as an essential component of rhodopsin, a protein that absorbs light in the retinal receptors, and because it supports the normal differentiation and functioning of the conjunctival membranes and cornea . Vitamin A also supports cell growth and differentiation, playing a critical role in the normal formation and maintenance of the heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs .

Food

Concentrations of preformed vitamin A are highest in liver and fish oils. Other sources of preformed vitamin A are milk and eggs, which also include some provitamin A. Most dietary provitamin A comes from leafy green vegetables, orange and yellow vegetables, tomato products, fruits, and some vegetable oils. The top food sources of vitamin A in the U.S. diet include dairy products, liver, fish, and fortified cereals; the top sources of provitamin A include carrots, broccoli, cantaloupe, and squash.